SHARES
According to the Directorate for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, from 2011 to 2017, 37,146 people left Kabardino-Balkaria. On average, 5,306 people drop out every year! At the same time, at least 17-18 thousand Meskhetian Turks have arrived in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic over the past few years to replace the indigenous people who left the republic. None of the local ethnic groups knows such rapid population growth. They changed places with the Ossetians, taking fourth place in terms of population in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
NALCHIK, April 30, Caucasus Times. Migration processes in the CBD have their own characteristics, in contrast to industrialized cities and regions of the country. This is due not only to natural and geographical differences, but also to other equally important factors.
Firstly, the KBR is one of the most densely populated regions of Russia. Here on an area of 12.5 thousand square meters. km., 1/3 of which is occupied by forests and mountains, according to the 2010 census, there are 893,800 people. Depending on the areas per 1 sq. km. Home to 80 to 180 people. On average almost 80 people. In Russia, the population density per 1 sq. km is 8.4 people. This shows that the population density in the republic is 10 times higher than the Russian average.
Secondly, the republic, from the memorable collapse of the USSR and the beginning of a full-scale systemic crisis to this day, has been a labor surplus region. In 2009, this served as a formal reason for the Government of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic to refuse to participate in the federal program that made it possible to return “compatriots living abroad.”
The Minister of Economic Development and Trade, Mr. A. Musukov, justified his refusal by citing the “high level of unemployment” (about 20% of the economically active population) and the lack of need “to attract additional labor from abroad.” Judging by the line he still adheres to (now he is the chairman of the government of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic), there is reason to think that he was not worried about economic and social problems, but about easily guessed political considerations.
Over the past three decades, the nature of demographic flows in Kabardino-Balkaria has changed greatly both in national composition and in intensity. In the 50-70s, the Russian-speaking population came to the KBR en masse. This was due to the rapid development of industry: mechanical engineering, instrument making, construction industry, etc.
In 1964, in the village. Khasanya, the first families of Meskhetian Turks arrived for permanent residence. In 1969, with the consent of the leadership of the republic, a group of Meskhetian Turks numbering 25 families (according to another version 350 people) settled in the village. Psykod Urvansky district. Most of the Turks arrived in the republic, including the villages. Nartan in 1970-1980. At the same time, small groups of Turks began to penetrate into neighboring regions: the North Ossetian Republic, Stavropol and Krasnodar territories. The first Turks viewed the North Caucasus as an intermediate stage on the way to their homeland.
In the Kabardino-Balkaria, the Turks were given private lands and equipped in every way so that they could adapt to local conditions. In 2012, their number reached, according to official data, 13,334 people. By now there are no less 17-18 thousand. None of the local ethnic groups knows such rapid population growth. They changed places with the Ossetians, taking fourth place in terms of population in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
Since the 90s, along with the Meskhetian Turks, Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Gypsies, and Chechens began to arrive in the republic. At the same time, during these years, Germans and especially many Mountain Jews left the republic en masse, which many old-timers of the city of Nalchik recall with regret.
During the Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Kabardians protected Jewish families from the German occupiers, but in the 90s they could not protect them from the racketeers who forced them out.
There were serious reasons for such population movements along ethnic and social lines, both objective and subjective. In general, it should be noted that these changes, contrary to the assertion of the migration service, began to seriously affect not only the demographic situation in the republic, but also problems of a sociocultural and national-cultural nature.
According to most experts, at the present stage the main reasons for migration processes, especially the outflow of the population, are socio-economic factors. First of all, this is the deindustrialization and crisis in the agricultural sector of the economy that began in the 90s of the last century, which led to an excess of the working population in the localities. The outflow of the working-age population is directly related to unemployment and the lack of demand for specialists in the economy of the republic.
They left the republic in search of work in 2010 4 736 people, which is 19% higher than in 2007. In subsequent years, this trend intensified. According to the Office for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kabardino-Balkaria, from 2011 to 2017, 37,146 people left the republic. On average, 5,306 people drop out every year!
Able-bodied people aged 20 to 45 are leaving the cities and villages of the Kabardino-Balkaria region for other cities in Russia and abroad.
By nationality they are mainly Russians, Kabardians and Balkars. According to unofficial data, more than 100 thousand people work outside the republic. This is too much for small Kabardino-Balkaria.
Today Meskhetian Turks live in almost all lowland areas and in the city of Nalchik. In the Urvan district - in such rural settlements as Psykod, Shithala, Marzokh, Chernaya Rechka and the city of Narkala; in the Prokhladnensky district - in the villages of Proletarskoye, Vinogradnoye, Ulyanovskoye, Progress, Krasnoselskoye, Stepnoye, Gvardeyskoye, Dalny; in the Maysky district - in the villages of Slavyanskoye, Krasnaya Polyana, Zarechnoye, Pravourvanskoye, Kabardinka, Kaldrasinskoye, Sarsky, Novo-Kursky, Novo-Ivanovskoye; in the Tersky region - in the villages of Novaya Balkariya, Krasnoarmeyskoye, Opytnoye, Kuyan; in the Chegem region - in the village of Nartan, Chegem-2; in the Leskensky district - in the villages of Yeroko and Lesken-2. As one of the labor veterans from the Maysky district noted, the Turks, as hereditary farmers, purposefully settled in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in places where the most fertile lands are located.
The largest number of Meskhetian Turks are in the Prokhladnensky, Maysky and Urvansky districts. According to the 2010 census, in the Prokhladnensky district in the Dalny village, out of 960 residents, 209 (22%) are Meskhetian Turks; in the Proletarsky village, out of 2,394 residents, 586 (24.4%) are Meskhetian Turks; In Ulyanovsk, out of 1,444 residents, 767 (57%) are Meskhetian Turks, etc. The regional center of Prokhladny itself is home to a fairly large number of recent migrants. The intensity of migration in the Prokhladnensky district is evidenced by the fact that in 2009 185 people arrived here, in 2010 - 360, in 2011 - 730, in 2015 - 254, in 2016 - 285, in 2017 - m – 269.
According to official data, an average of 60 people of Turkish origin arrive in the area each year. In total, more than 5 thousand Meskhetian Turks live here. This shows that in this area the number of migrants is growing at a very fast pace, but even more of the Russian population is leaving, on average from 250 to 300-330 people per year.
In the Maysky district, in the above-mentioned villages, from 5-6 to 20-25 Turkish families (yards) live in each. They even populated villages and individual houses near railway stations, which were previously inhabited exclusively by Russian families. Here their total number reaches more than 4 thousand people. In 2017, the number of Turks who arrived in the Maysky district was 82 people, while 232 Russians left it. This is despite the fact that by the end of 2017 there were 5,099 unemployed in this area. There are no operating industrial enterprises here anymore. The social well-being of the Russian population, as in the Prokhladnensky district, is catastrophically deteriorating every year.
By the way, in the Prokhladnensky and Maysky districts, civil society institutions are poorly developed. There are no active public organizations defending the socio-economic interests of their population. The activities of all kinds of councils under municipal authorities are not very effective. And the more organized Cossacks are occupied only with their corporate (economic and class) interests. Local government bodies at the rural level with their meager budgets are so helpless, as in other regions of the republic, that they cannot significantly influence the situation. Therefore, in the conditions of deindustrialization of regional centers and the republic as a whole, Russians, unable to withstand competition with migrants for vital resources in the agricultural sector of the economy and trade, leave for other Russian regions in search of work in a profession in the field of industrial production. Not only the Russians, but also the Koreans, whose labor had long been in demand in the Prokhladnensky, Maysky and Urvansky regions, could not compete with the Turks. Therefore, their departure from these areas has also become a significant event in recent years (see table on page 7 of this article).
According to the latest census, 3,690 Turks lived in the Urvan district. Today there are even more of them. In the Kabardian village of Psykod alone, out of 380 households (1,824 people), 230 households (1,100 people) are Turks (about 70%).
The birth rate ratio between Kabardians and Turks in this village is 1:5. Every year, Kabardians celebrate 3-4 weddings in this village, while Turks celebrate 40-42. According to 2010 data, the local school had 238 students (now there are more), of which Turks make up more than 70%.
And in the regional center, in Nartkal, there are preschool institutions, where in some groups children of Meskhetian Turks make up 40-50%. In 2012, the administration of the village. Psykod allocated 4 plots of land to villagers for individual construction. They went to the Turks, although indigenous people in dire need were next in line. Under such conditions, it is not surprising that migrants assimilate the indigenous population, and not vice versa, as is usually the case in life.
According to experts, there are quite a lot of migrants in the republic who do not have residence permits or registration. In general, the registration of Meskhetian Turks is complicated by the fact that before the 2002 census they were not counted as Meskhetian Turks, since they were recorded as Azerbaijanis and Georgians. Only during the 2002 census, due to the fact that ethnicity was taken into account according to self-awareness, such an ethnic group as the Meskhetian Turks appeared. Over the past few years, Meskhetian Turks have preferred to identify themselves simply as Turks. Therefore, today we only have information about those who have permanent registration and call themselves Turks. And the transformation in their ethnic self-name is associated with the political situation abroad. To receive financial support from Turkey, it is more convenient to simply be Turks. By the way, Turkey is ready to accept on preferential terms all Turks from all over the world, including from Russia, as ethnically close in origin. According to Internet sites, tens of thousands of Turks have returned to their historical homeland from the Krasnodar Territory, Ukraine, America and various regions of Russia, who are granted civil rights as migrants and good-quality apartments in special new buildings.
In the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the trend of a massive outflow of Russians, Kabardians and Balkars to Russian cities and regions and a fairly large influx of Turks and Gypsies continues to this day.
In general, the population of the CBD decreased by 21,610 people in the 7 years after the 2010 census. Only migrants of Turkish nationality benefit. We focus on these indicators for the following, in our opinion, important reasons: Firstly, this process is becoming irreversible, which can eventually lead to a noticeable imbalance between natives and migrants. Exceeding the threshold, that is, the optimal relationship between the number of migrants and the subject-forming ethnic groups, threatens a significant deterioration in the social well-being of the indigenous population. Secondly, the high outflow of young people and the productive population has already begun to lead to a deformation in the age structure of local residents. That is, the population of the republic is aging (in 2018, at the next meeting of the KBR Parliament, it was said that “every year our republic ages by a year and a half”), the birth rate is decreasing. In January-September 2017, compared to the year before last, the number of births in the republic as a whole decreased by 10.5%. In some areas even more. Over time, it may become that there will be more retirees than workers. Third, the intellectual level of the population of the republic is decreasing, as the most educated and active part of the population is leaving. A significant part of young people, after graduating from prestigious universities in the country, as a rule, do not return due to the fact that there is no opportunity to find a job in the republic. In their place, what comes to us, as a rule, is an illiterate (who don’t even know the Russian language) and unskilled population. This leads to the accumulation in the republic as a whole of a poorly educated part of the youth and an unclaimed amount of labor force. Fourth, in the conditions of labor surplus in the republic, an uncontrolled influx of migrants to us is not beneficial in any case. The fact is that migrant labor is used mainly in agricultural production, on subleased lands and in seasonal work. Therefore, they do not become taxpayers; they pay only the main tenants, i.e., local oligarchs, for the use of the land. From them, the republic (state) does not receive contributions either to the tax service, or to the pension fund, etc. But at the same time, they enjoy all the social benefits of society and over time, like all other citizens of the country, join the number of old-age pensioners. Thus, Kabardino-Balkaria is actively involved in the creation of a “hole” in the country’s pension fund.
Among other factors that affect the social well-being of the indigenous population, especially Russians, in connection with migration processes in the Prokhladnensky, Maysky and Urvansky districts, experts name: rising prices on the real estate market, tension in the labor and trade markets, increased corruption, etc. They believe that, compared to previous years, religious extremism has become one of the factors of public safety.
Recently, at the everyday level, conflicts between youth groups of migrants and local residents have also become more frequent. So far, conflict situations of this nature have been managed to be extinguished by local law enforcement agencies without making them widely public. But there is a danger of other socially dangerous (resonant) events occurring in the future.
Local residents of the above-mentioned areas have a strong opinion that the Turks solve all vital issues, including land, places in markets and childcare centers, registration, registration of property rights, and others, successfully through a corruption scheme. Therefore, in the competition for vital resources, the Turks find themselves in better conditions than the local residents. This is also one of the reasons why Russians are leaving the republic. To keep them out, the measures taken by local authorities are insufficient. And at the federal level, structures seem to be looking at this problem according to the principle “the worse, the better,” while accusing the indigenous residents of squeezing ethnic Russians out of the republic.
AND .A. Kalmykov, candidate of historical sciences, member of the Public Chamber of the KBR, especially for Caucasus Time s
The figures in the following table show how the demographic situation in the Kabardino-Balkaria is changing as a result of migration processes:
Information on external migration of the population to the Kabardino-Balkaria for 2011-2017.
(excluding those who left and arrived from countries near and far abroad)
| By nationality | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | For 7 years | ||||||||||
| Select | Arr. | Select | Arr. | Select | Arr. | Select | Arr. | Select | Arr. | Select | Arr. | Select | Arr. | Select | Arr. | — | + | |
| Russians | 3176 | 2374 | 4181 | 1078 | 3847 | 1294 | 3262 | 1110 | 2946 | 947 | 2799 | 1079 | 2415 | 1200 | 12644 | 9082 | 3562 | |
| Kabardians | 876 | 471 | 1034 | 431 | 1181 | 319 | 1006 | 431 | 998 | 380 | 1030 | 418 | 1014 | 483 | 7109 | 2933 | 4176 | |
| Balkars | 293 | 193 | 265 | 120 | 319 | 103 | 213 | 94 | 231 | 110 | 219 | 111 | 160 | 87 | 1700 | 818 | 882 | |
| Turks | 116 | 229 | 128 | 180 | 112 | 112 | 128 | 202 | 148 | 193 | 124 | 192 | 112 | 237 | 868 | 1355 | 487 | |
| Koreans | 159 | 32 | 96 | 52 | 131 | 39 | 56 | 44 | 137 | 53 | 131 | 58 | 87 | 58 | 896 | 336 | 560 | |
| other nationalities | 13929 | 1484 | 12545 | |||||||||||||||
| Mortality rate (number of deaths per 1000 population) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 6,6 | ↗ 7,3 | ↗ 8,0 | ↗ 8,1 | ↗ 8,5 | ↗ 10,4 | ↗ 10,4 | ↘ 10,1 | ↗ 10,4 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↗ 10,5 | ↗ 11,1 | ↗ 11,1 | ↗ 11,4 | ↘ 10,2 | ↘ 9,7 | ↗ 10,1 | ↘ 9,8 | ↘ 9,5 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | ||
| ↘ 9,1 | ↗ 9,4 | ↗ 9,4 | ↗ 9,4 | ↘ 8,9 | ↗ 8,9 | ↘ 8,8 | ||
| Natural population growth (per 1000 population, sign (-) means natural population decline) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 13,1 | ↘ 11,8 | ↗ 12,6 | ↗ 13,9 | ↘ 11,4 | ↘ 3,3 | ↘ 2,6 | ↗ 2,6 | ↘ 2,2 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↘ 1,1 | ↘ 0,5 | ↘ 0,2 | ↗ 0,2 | ↘ 0,1 | ↗ 0,8 | ↘ -0,1 | ↗ 0,6 | ↗ 3,3 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | ||
| ↗ 4,4 | ↘ 4,2 | ↗ 5,2 | ↗ 5,5 | ↗ 7,0 | ↘ 6,6 | ↗ 6,9 | ||
| Life expectancy at birth (number of years) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 71,0 | ↘ 70,5 | ↗ 70,6 | ↘ 68,9 | ↘ 68,7 | ↗ 68,8 | ↗ 68,8 | ↗ 69,6 | ↘ 69,5 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↘ 69,2 | ↘ 69,1 | ↗ 69,2 | ↘ 69,1 | ↘ 68,8 | ↗ 69,8 | ↘ 69,3 | ↗ 70,1 | ↗ 71,2 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||
| ↗ 72,5 | ↘ 72,1 | ↗ 72,1 | ↗ 72,4 | ↗ 73,3 | ↗ 73,7 | |||
Population density
Population density - 69.15 people/km 2 (2016). According to this indicator, the republic ranks 10th among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. But the population in the republic is distributed unevenly. So above 2500 meters there is no permanent population, and the majority of the population of the subject lives in the foothill and lowland zones of the republic.
The highest population density is observed in urban districts (Nalchik, Prokhladny, Baksan). Among the districts, the highest population density is in the Urvansky district, the lowest in the Chereksky district.
National composition
| 1959 people |
% | 1989 people |
% | 2002 people |
% from Total |
% from indicating- shih national nal- ness |
2010 people |
% from Total |
% from indicating- shih national nal- ness |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 420115 | 100,00 % | ↗ 753531 | 100,00 % | ↗ 901494 | 100,00 % | ↘ 859939 | 100,00 % | ||
| Kabardians | 190284 | 45,29 % | ↗ 363494 | 48,24 % | ↗ 498702 | 55,32 % | 55,32 % | ↘ 490453 | 57,03 % | 57,18 % |
| Russians | 162586 | 38,70 % | ↗ 240750 | 31,95 % | ↘ 226620 | 25,14 % | 25,14 % | ↘ 193155 | 22,55 % | 22,49 % |
| Balkars | 34088 | 8,11 % | ↗ 70793 | 9,39 % | ↗ 104651 | 11,61 % | 11,61 % | ↗ 108577 | 12,63 % | 12,66 % |
| Turks | 0,00 % | 4162 | 0,55 % | ↗ 8770 | 0,97 % | 0,97 % | ↗ 13965 | 1,62 % | 1,63 % | |
| Ossetians | 6442 | 1,53 % | ↗ 9996 | 1,33 % | ↘ 9845 | 1,09 % | 1,09 % | ↘ 9129 | 1,06 % | 1,06 % |
| Armenians | 1421 | 0,34 % | ↗ 3512 | 0,47 % | ↗ 5342 | 0,59 % | 0,59 % | ↘ 5002 | 0,58 % | 0,58 % |
| Ukrainians | 8400 | 2,00 % | ↗ 12826 | 1,70 % | ↘ 7592 | 0,84 % | 0,84 % | ↘ 4800 | 0,56 % | 0,56 % |
| Koreans | 1798 | 0,43 % | ↗ 4983 | 0,66 % | ↘ 4722 | 0,52 % | 0,52 % | ↘ 4034 | 0,47 % | 0,47 % |
| Gypsies | 416 | 0,10 % | 2442 | 0,32 % | 2357 | 0,26 % | 0,26 % | 2874 | 0,33 % | 0,34 % |
| Circassians | 166 | 0,04 % | 614 | 0,08 % | 725 | 0,08 % | 0,08 % | 2475 | 0,29 % | 0,29 % |
| Tatars | 1608 | 0,38 % | 3005 | 0,40 % | 2851 | 0,32 % | 0,32 % | 2375 | 0,28 % | 0,28 % |
| Azerbaijanis | 257 | 0,06 % | 2024 | 0,27 % | 2281 | 0,25 % | 0,25 % | 2063 | 0,24 % | 0,24 % |
| Chechens | 0,00 % | 736 | 0,10 % | 4241 | 0,47 % | 0,47 % | 1965 | 0,23 % | 0,23 % | |
| Georgians | 1486 | 0,35 % | 2090 | 0,28 % | 1731 | 0,19 % | 0,19 % | 1545 | 0,18 % | 0,18 % |
| Laktsy | 481 | 0,11 % | 1587 | 0,21 % | 1800 | 0,20 % | 0,20 % | 1462 | 0,17 % | 0,17 % |
| Germans | 903 | 0,21 % | 8569 | 1,14 % | 2525 | 0,28 % | 0,28 % | 1462 | 0,17 % | 0,17 % |
| Ingush | 84 | 0,02 % | 664 | 0,09 % | 1236 | 0,14 % | 0,14 % | 1271 | 0,15 % | 0,15 % |
| Karachais | 420 | 0,10 % | 1202 | 0,16 % | 1273 | 0,14 % | 0,14 % | 1028 | 0,12 % | 0,12 % |
| Jews | 1310 | 0,31 % | 1726 | 0,23 % | 1088 | 0,12 % | 0,12 % | 835 | 0,10 % | 0,10 % |
| Lezgins | 0,00 % | 855 | 0,11 % | 867 | 0,10 % | 0,10 % | 767 | 0,09 % | 0,09 % | |
| Kumyks | 213 | 0,05 % | 624 | 0,08 % | 713 | 0,08 % | 0,08 % | 699 | 0,08 % | 0,08 % |
| Belarusians | 953 | 0,23 % | 2022 | 0,27 % | 1194 | 0,13 % | 0,13 % | 696 | 0,08 % | 0,08 % |
| Adyghe people | 207 | 0,05 % | 828 | 0,11 % | 584 | 0,06 % | 0,06 % | 524 | 0,06 % | 0,06 % |
| Uzbeks | 0,00 % | 424 | 0,06 % | 290 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 451 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % | |
| Dargins | 178 | 0,04 % | 535 | 0,07 % | 504 | 0,06 % | 0,06 % | 438 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % |
| Avars | 196 | 0,05 % | 480 | 0,06 % | 386 | 0,04 % | 0,04 % | 425 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % |
| Abazins | 103 | 0,02 % | 468 | 0,06 % | 514 | 0,06 % | 0,06 % | 418 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % |
| Persians | 217 | 0,05 % | 485 | 0,06 % | 511 | 0,06 % | 0,06 % | 418 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % |
| Kurds | 0,00 % | 143 | 0,02 % | 301 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % | 321 | 0,04 % | 0,04 % | |
| Nogais | 384 | 0,09 % | 501 | 0,07 % | 409 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % | 289 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % |
| Mordva | 305 | 0,07 % | 727 | 0,10 % | 490 | 0,05 % | 0,05 % | 282 | 0,03 % | 0,03 % |
| other | 5199 | 1,24 % | 10264 | 1,36 % | 6364 | 0,71 % | 0,71 % | 46602 | 5,42 % | 5,43 % |
| indicated nationality | 420105 | 100,00 % | 753531 | 100,00 % | 901479 | 100,00 % | 100,00 % | 857670 | 99,74 % | 100,00 % |
| did not indicate nationality | 10 | 0,00 % | 0 | 0,00 % | 15 | 0,00 % | 2269 | 0,26 % |
Settlements
Settlements with a population of more than 10 thousand people
|
General Map
Map legend (when you hover over the marker, the actual population is displayed):
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Notes
- . Retrieved March 27, 2016. .
- . Retrieved February 7, 2015. .
- . Retrieved October 10, 2013. .
- . Retrieved October 14, 2013. .
- demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus79_reg1.php All-Union Population Census 1979
- . Retrieved June 28, 2016. .
- . .
- www.fedstat.ru/indicator/data.do?id=31557 Resident population as of January 1 (persons) 1990-2013
- . .
- . Retrieved September 21, 2014. .
- . Retrieved May 31, 2014. .
- . Retrieved November 16, 2013. .
- . Retrieved April 13, 2014. .
- . Retrieved August 6, 2015. .
- :
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- www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
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An excerpt characterizing the population of Kabardino-Balkaria
Before sunrise, he was awakened by loud, frequent shots and screams. The French ran past Pierre.- Les cosaques! [Cossacks!] - one of them shouted, and a minute later a crowd of Russian faces surrounded Pierre.
For a long time Pierre could not understand what was happening to him. From all sides he heard the cries of joy of his comrades.
- Brothers! My dears, my dears! - the old soldiers cried, crying, hugging the Cossacks and hussars. Hussars and Cossacks surrounded the prisoners and hurriedly offered them dresses, boots, and bread. Pierre sobbed, sitting among them, and could not utter a word; he hugged the first soldier who approached him and, crying, kissed him.
Dolokhov stood at the gate of a ruined house, letting a crowd of disarmed French pass by. The French, excited by everything that had happened, spoke loudly among themselves; but when they passed by Dolokhov, who was lightly whipping his boots with his whip and looking at them with his cold, glassy gaze, promising nothing good, their conversation fell silent. On the other side stood the Cossack Dolokhov and counted the prisoners, marking hundreds with a chalk line on the gate.
- How many? – Dolokhov asked the Cossack who was counting the prisoners.
“For the second hundred,” answered the Cossack.
“Filez, filez, [Come in, come in.],” Dolokhov said, having learned this expression from the French, and, meeting the eyes of passing prisoners, his gaze flashed with a cruel brilliance.
Denisov, with a gloomy face, having taken off his hat, walked behind the Cossacks, who were carrying the body of Petya Rostov to a hole dug in the garden.
From October 28, when frosts began, the flight of the French only took on a more tragic character: people freezing and roasting to death at the fires and continuing to ride in fur coats and carriages with the looted goods of the emperor, kings and dukes; but in essence, the process of flight and disintegration of the French army has not changed at all since the speech from Moscow.
From Moscow to Vyazma, out of the seventy-three thousand strong French army, not counting the guards (which throughout the war did nothing but plunder), out of seventy-three thousand, thirty-six thousand remained (of this number, no more than five thousand died in battles). Here is the first term of the progression, which mathematically correctly determines the subsequent ones.
The French army in the same proportion melted and was destroyed from Moscow to Vyazma, from Vyazma to Smolensk, from Smolensk to Berezina, from Berezina to Vilna, regardless of the greater or lesser degree of cold, persecution, blocking the path and all other conditions taken separately. After Vyazma, the French troops, instead of three columns, huddled together in one heap and continued like this until the end. Berthier wrote to his sovereign (it is known how far from the truth the commanders allow themselves to describe the situation of the army). He wrote:
“Je crois devoir faire connaitre a Votre Majeste l"etat de ses troupes dans les differents corps d"annee que j"ai ete a meme d"observer depuis deux ou trois jours dans differents passages. Elles sont presque debandees. Le nombre des soldats qui suivent les drapeaux est en proportion du quart au plus dans presque tous les regiments, les autres marchent isolement dans differentes directions et pour leur compte, dans l "esperance de trouver des subsistances et pour se debarrasser de la discipline. En general ils regardent Smolensk comme le point ou ils doivent se refaire. Ces derniers jours on a remarque que beaucoup de soldats jettent leurs cartouches et leurs armes. vues ulterieures qu"on rallie l"armee a Smolensk en commencant a la debarrasser des non combattans, tels que hommes demontes et des bagages inutiles et du materiel de l"artillerie qui n"est plus en proportion avec les forces actuelles. En outre les jours de repos, des subsistances sont necessaires aux soldats qui sont extenues par la faim et la fatigue; beaucoup sont morts ces derniers jours sur la route et dans les bivacs. Cet etat de choses va toujours en augmentant et donne lieu de craindre que si l"on n"y prete un prompt remede, on ne soit plus maitre des troupes dans un combat. Le 9 November, a 30 verstes de Smolensk.”
[It is my duty to inform Your Majesty about the condition of the corps that I examined on the march in the last three days. They are almost in complete disarray. Only a quarter of the soldiers remain with the banners; the rest go on their own in different directions, trying to find food and get rid of service. Everyone thinks only about Smolensk, where they hope to relax. In recent days, many soldiers have thrown away their cartridges and guns. Whatever your further intentions, the benefit of Your Majesty’s service requires gathering corps in Smolensk and separating from them dismounted cavalrymen, unarmed ones, excess convoys and part of the artillery, since it is now not in proportion to the number of troops. Food and a few days of rest are needed; the soldiers are exhausted by hunger and fatigue; In recent days, many have died on the road and in bivouacs. This distress is continually increasing, and makes us fear that, unless prompt measures are taken to prevent the evil, we will soon have no troops at our command in the event of a battle. November 9, 30 versts from Smolenko.]
Having burst into Smolensk, which seemed to them the promised land, the French killed each other for provisions, robbed their own stores and, when everything was looted, ran on.
Everyone walked, not knowing where or why they were going. Napoleon's genius knew this even less than others, since no one ordered him. But still, he and those around him followed their long-standing habits: they wrote orders, letters, reports, ordre du jour [daily routine]; called each other:
“Sire, Mon Cousin, Prince d" Ekmuhl, roi de Naples" [Your Majesty, my brother, Prince of Ekmuhl, King of Naples.] etc. But the orders and reports were only on paper, nothing was carried out on them, because which could not be fulfilled, and, despite calling each other majesties, highnesses and cousins, they all felt that they were pathetic and disgusting people who had done a lot of evil, for which they now had to pay. And, despite the fact that they were pretending. as if they cared about the army, they were thinking only about themselves and how to quickly leave and save themselves.
The actions of the Russian and French troops during the return campaign from Moscow to the Neman are similar to a game of blind man's buff, when two players are blindfolded and one occasionally rings a bell to notify the catcher. At first, the one who is caught calls without fear of the enemy, but when he gets into trouble, he, trying to walk silently, runs away from his enemy and often, thinking of running away, goes straight into his arms.
At first, Napoleonic troops still made themselves felt - this was during the first period of movement along the Kaluga road, but then, having got out onto the Smolensk road, they ran, pressing the bell with their hand, and often, thinking that they were leaving, ran straight into the Russians.
Given the speed of the French and the Russians behind them, and as a result of the exhaustion of the horses, the main means of approximate recognition of the position in which the enemy was located - cavalry patrols - did not exist. In addition, due to the frequent and rapid changes in the positions of both armies, the information that was available could not keep up in time. If the news came on the second day that the enemy army was there either on the first day or on the third, when something could have been done, this army had already made two marches and was in a completely different position.
One army fled, the other caught up. From Smolensk the French had many different roads ahead of them; and, it would seem, here, after standing for four days, the French could find out where the enemy is, figure out something advantageous and do something new. But after a four-day stop, the crowds again ran, not to the right, not to the left, but, without any maneuvers or considerations, along the old, worse road, to Krasnoe and Orsha - along the broken trail.
Expecting the enemy from behind rather than in front, the French fled, spread out and separated from each other by a distance of twenty-four hours. The emperor ran ahead of everyone, then the kings, then the dukes. The Russian army, thinking that Napoleon would take the right beyond the Dnieper, which was the only reasonable thing, also moved to the right and reached the high road to Krasnoe. And then, as if in a game of blind man's buff, the French stumbled upon our vanguard. Suddenly seeing the enemy, the French became confused, paused from the surprise of fear, but then ran again, leaving their comrades behind. Here, as if through a formation of Russian troops, three days passed, one after another, separate parts of the French, first the viceroy, then Davout, then Ney. They all abandoned each other, abandoned all their burdens, artillery, half the people and ran away, only at night going around the Russians in semicircles on the right.
Ney, who walked last (because, despite their unfortunate situation or precisely as a result of it, they wanted to beat the floor that had hurt them, he began tearing up the walls of Smolensk that did not interfere with anyone), - who walked last, Ney, with his ten-thousandth corps, came running to Orsha to Napoleon with only a thousand people, abandoning all the people and all the guns and at night, sneaking through the forest through the Dnieper.
From Orsha they ran further along the road to Vilna, playing blind man's buff in the same way with the pursuing army. On the Berezina there was confusion again, many drowned, many surrendered, but those who crossed the river ran on. Their main leader put on a fur coat and, getting into the sleigh, rode off alone, leaving his comrades. Those who could, also left; those who could not, gave up or died.
It would seem that in this campaign of flight of the French, when they did everything they could to destroy themselves; when not a single movement of this crowd, starting from the turn onto the Kaluga road and until the flight of the commander from the army, made the slightest sense - it would seem that during this period of the campaign it is no longer possible for historians, who attribute the actions of the masses to the will of one person, to describe this retreat in their meaning. But no. Mountains of books have been written by historians about this campaign, and everywhere the orders of Napoleon and his profound plans are described - the maneuvers that led the army, and the brilliant orders of his marshals.
The retreat from Maloyaroslavets when he is given the road to an abundant land and when that parallel road along which Kutuzov later pursued him is open to him, the unnecessary retreat along the ruined road is explained to us for various profound reasons. For the same profound reasons, his retreat from Smolensk to Orsha is described. Then his heroism at Krasny is described, where he allegedly prepares to take the battle and command himself, and walks with a birch stick and says:
- J "ai assez fait l" Empereur, il est temps de faire le general, [I’ve already imagined the emperor, now it’s time to be a general.] - and, despite that, immediately after that he runs on, leaving the scattered parts of the army located behind.
Then they describe to us the greatness of the soul of the marshals, especially Ney, the greatness of the soul, which consists in the fact that at night he made his way through the forest bypassing the Dnieper and, without banners and artillery and without nine-tenths of the army, ran to Orsha.
And finally, the last departure of the great emperor from the heroic army seems to us by historians as something great and brilliant. Even this last act of flight, in human language is called the last degree of meanness, which every child learns to be ashamed of, and this act in the language of historians receives justification.
Then, when it is no longer possible to stretch such elastic threads of historical reasoning any further, when an action is already clearly contrary to what all humanity calls good and even justice, the saving concept of greatness appears among historians. Greatness seems to exclude the possibility of measuring good and bad. For the great there is no bad. There is no horror that can be blamed on someone who is great.
- “C"est grand!" [This is majestic!] - say historians, and then there is no longer either good or bad, but there is “grand” and “not grand.” Grand is good, not grand is bad. Grand is, according to their concepts, something special. animals they call heroes. And Napoleon, walking home in a warm fur coat from the dying not only of his comrades, but (in his opinion) of the people he brought here, feels que c’est grand, and his soul is at peace.
“Du sublime (he sees something sublime in himself) au ridicule il n"y a qu"un pas,” he says. And the whole world has been repeating for fifty years: “Sublime! Grand! Napoleon le grand! Du sublime au ridicule il n"y a qu"un pas". [majestic... From majestic to ridiculous there is only one step... Majestic! Great! Napoleon the Great! It’s only a step from the majestic to the ridiculous.]
And it will not occur to anyone that recognition of greatness, immeasurable by the measure of good and bad, is only recognition of one’s insignificance and immeasurable smallness.
For us, with the measure of good and bad given to us by Christ, there is nothing immeasurable. And there is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth.
Which of the Russian people, reading descriptions of the last period of the campaign of 1812, did not experience a heavy feeling of annoyance, dissatisfaction and uncertainty. Who hasn’t asked himself questions: how they didn’t take and destroy all the French, when all three armies surrounded them in superior numbers, when the frustrated French, starving and freezing, surrendered in droves, and when (as history tells us) the goal of the Russians was precisely that to stop, cut off and take prisoner all the French.
How did that Russian army, which was weaker in number than the French, fight the Battle of Borodino, how did this army, which surrounded the French on three sides and had the goal of taking them away, did not achieve its goal? Do the French really have such a huge advantage over us that we, having surrounded them with superior forces, could not beat them? How could this happen?
History (the one called by this word), answering these questions, says that this happened because Kutuzov, and Tormasov, and Chichagov, and this one, and that one, did not make such and such maneuvers.
But why didn't they do all these maneuvers? Why, if they were to blame for not achieving the intended goal, why were they not tried and executed? But, even if we admit that the failure of the Russians was due to Kutuzov and Chichagov, etc., it is still impossible to understand why and in the conditions in which the Russian troops were located at Krasnoye and near Berezina (in both cases the Russians were in excellent forces), why was the French army with its marshals, kings and emperors not captured, when this was the goal of the Russians?
The explanation of this strange phenomenon by the fact that Kutuzov prevented the attack (as Russian military historians do) is unfounded because we know that Kutuzov’s will could not keep the troops from attacking near Vyazma and near Tarutin.
Why was that Russian army, which with weaker forces won a victory at Borodino over the enemy in all its strength, at Krasnoe and near Berezina with superior forces defeated by frustrated crowds of the French?
If the goal of the Russians was to cut off and capture Napoleon and the marshals, and this goal was not only not achieved, but all attempts to achieve this goal were each time destroyed in the most shameful way, then the last period of the campaign quite rightly seems to be close to the French victories and is completely unfairly presented by Russian historians as victorious.
Russian military historians, to the extent that logic is obligatory for them, involuntarily come to this conclusion and, despite lyrical appeals about courage and devotion, etc., must involuntarily admit that the French retreat from Moscow is a series of victories for Napoleon and defeats for Kutuzov.
But, leaving national pride completely aside, one feels that this conclusion itself contains a contradiction, since a series of victories for the French led them to complete destruction, and a series of defeats for the Russians led them to the complete destruction of the enemy and the purification of their fatherland.
The source of this contradiction lies in the fact that historians who study events from letters of sovereigns and generals, from reports, reports, plans, etc., have assumed a false, never-existent goal for the last period of the war of 1812 - a goal that supposedly consisted of to cut off and catch Napoleon with the marshals and the army.
This goal never existed and could not exist, because it had no meaning, and achieving it was completely impossible.
This goal did not make any sense, firstly, because Napoleon’s frustrated army fled from Russia as quickly as possible, that is, it fulfilled the very thing that every Russian could wish for. Why was it necessary to carry out various operations on the French, who fled as quickly as they could?
Secondly, it was pointless to stand in the way of people who had directed all their energy to escape.
Thirdly, it was pointless to lose their troops to destroy the French armies, which were destroyed without external reasons in such a progression that without any blocking of the path they could not transfer across the border more than what they transferred in the month of December, that is, one hundredth of the entire army.
Fourthly, it was pointless to want to capture the emperor, kings, dukes - people whose captivity would greatly complicate the actions of the Russians, as the most skillful diplomats of that time admitted (J. Maistre and others). Even more senseless was the desire to take the French corps when their troops had melted halfway to Krasny, and convoy divisions had to be separated from the corps of prisoners, and when their soldiers did not always receive full provisions and the already taken prisoners were dying of hunger.
The entire thoughtful plan to cut off and catch Napoleon and his army was similar to the plan of a gardener who, driving cattle out of the garden that had trampled his ridges, would run to the gate and begin to beat this cattle on the head. One thing that could be said to justify the gardener would be that he was very angry. But this could not even be said about the drafters of the project, because they were not the ones who suffered from the trampled ridges.
But, besides the fact that cutting off Napoleon and the army was pointless, it was impossible.
This was impossible, firstly, because, since experience shows that the movement of columns over five miles in one battle never coincides with plans, the likelihood that Chichagov, Kutuzov and Wittgenstein would converge on time at the appointed place was so insignificant , that it amounted to impossibility, as Kutuzov thought, even when he received the plan, he said that sabotage over long distances does not bring the desired results.
Secondly, it was impossible because, in order to paralyze the force of inertia with which Napoleon’s army was moving back, it was necessary to have, without comparison, larger troops than those that the Russians had.
Thirdly, it was impossible because cutting off a military word has no meaning. You can cut off a piece of bread, but not an army. There is no way to cut off an army - to block its path, because there is always a lot of space around where you can go around, and there is night, during which nothing is visible, as military scientists could be convinced of, even from the examples of Krasny and Berezina. It is impossible to take prisoner without the person being taken prisoner agreeing to it, just as it is impossible to catch a swallow, although you can take it when it lands on your hand. You can take prisoner someone who surrenders, like the Germans, according to the rules of strategy and tactics. But the French troops, quite rightly, did not find this convenient, since the same hungry and cold death awaited them on the run and in captivity.
Geographical encyclopedia
Kabardino-Balkaria- Kabardino Balkaria. The numbers indicate: 1. Elbrus National Park 2. Kabardino Balkar Nature Reserve Kabardino Balkaria, Kabardino Balkar Republic, in the south of the European part of Russia, borders on Georgia. Included in the North Caucasus... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
KABARDINO-BALKARIA- KABARDINO BALKARIA, Kabardino Balkar Republic, subject of the Russian Federation; in the south of the European part of Russia, bordering on Georgia. Included in the North Caucasus economic region. Pl. 12.5 thousand km2. Population 791.9 thousand people. (1998). The capital of the city ... Russian history
KABARDINO-BALKARIA- (Kabardino Balkar Republic) in the Russian Federation. 12.5 thousand km². population 786 thousand people (1993), urban 67%; Kabardians (363 thousand people; 1989 census), Balkars (71 thousand people), Russians. 8 districts, 7 cities, 7 villages... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Kabardino-Balkaria- noun, number of synonyms: 1 republic (21) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary
Kabardino-Balkaria- (Kabardino Balkar Republic), in the Russian Federation. 12.5 thousand km2. Population 791.9 thousand people (1998), urban 57.5%; Kabardians (49.2%), Balkars (9.6%), Russians (30.7%). 9 districts, 7 cities, 4 urban villages (1996). Capital... encyclopedic Dictionary
Kabardino-Balkaria- Kabardino Balkaria(Kabardino Balkaria)Kabardino Balkariaofficial name. Kabardino Balkar Republic, a republic within the Russian Federation; located in the North Caucasus, on the border with Georgia; pl. 12300 sq. km; 768,000 people… … Countries of the world. Dictionary
Kabardino-Balkaria- Sp Kabárda Balkãrija Ap Kabardino Balkariya/Kabardino Balkariya L RF respublika … Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė
KABARDINO-BALKARIA- Kabardino Balkar Republic, part of Russia. Federation. Pl. 12.5 thousand km2. Us. 760 thousand people (1989), including 48.2% Kabardians, 9.4% Balkars. Capital Nalchik. In 1989 per 1000 people. The population aged 15 years and older accounted for 817 people. With… … Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia
Kabardino-Balkaria- Kabardino Balkar Republic within the Russian Federation. The name of the republic is formed in Russian. the names of the two most numerous peoples living in it: Kabardians (self-name Adyghe), in the XI-XIII centuries. populated the steppe and... Toponymic dictionary
Books
- Kabardino-Balkaria, Vorokov Z., New author's photo album “Kabardino-Balkaria. A New Look". The book consists of 300 pages of high-quality printing, which presents 160 panoramic photographs about Nalchik. By… Category: Classic and modern prose Buy for 4000 rub.
- Kabardino-Balkaria. Beauty will save the world. Photo album, Vorokov Zaur Vladimirovich, “Beauty will save the world”... It is no coincidence that the words of the great Russian writer were included in the title of a wonderful photo album. On its pages is living evidence that nature is generous... Category:
The North Caucasus Republic was formed in Soviet times from the historical territories of the neighboring peoples of Kabarda and Balkaria, according to the principle of a good neighbor - better than a distant relative. Since Kabardians and Balkars are not related peoples and their languages belong to different language groups. in the last three years it has been growing gradually, mainly due to natural growth.
general information
The republic is located on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, in its central part. It neighbors such Russian regions as the Stavropol Territory, Karachay-Cherkessia and North Ossetia-Alania, and borders Georgia in the south. It occupies an area of 12,500 sq. km.
The population density of Kabardino-Balkaria is 69.43 people/km2 (2018). It ranks 10th in this indicator in Russia. Residents live mostly in cities (Nalchik, Baksan, Prokhladny), on flat and foothill terrain, and in areas located above 2500 meters above sea level, no one lives.
Formation of the republic
Two neighboring peoples, at the whim of the Soviet government, existed first in one autonomous region (since 1922), and then as part of one autonomous republic (since 1936). Even the “epidemic of division” after the collapse of the USSR could not destroy this union.
From 1944 to 1957, the republic was called the Kabardian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, because the Balkars were deported to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. In 1956-1957, the decision to repress them was declared illegal. The Balkars were allowed to return to their homeland. The republic again became Kabardino-Balkaria, and two Caucasian peoples again began to dominate the national composition of the population.
History of joining Russia
Even the history of joining Russia is completely different for Kabardians and Balkars. Kabardians fought for their independence from 1763 to 1822. When Russian troops under the command of General Ermolov finally occupied the North Caucasus, according to some estimates, the population of Kabardino-Balkaria decreased from 300 to 30 thousand people. Most died in battles, many died from the plague, others went to other regions of the Caucasus. Most of Kabarda was finally included in the Russian Empire in 1825.
The Balkars became part of Russia in 1827, submitting a petition from all their communities to join the empire, subject to the preservation of ancient customs, Muslim religion, and class structure. From that time on, amanats (hostages) from among the Balkar nobility were in Russian fortresses, then many of them fought as part of the tsarist army.
Population
Four years after the formation of the autonomous region in 1926, the population of Kabardino-Balkaria was 204,006 people. According to the latest pre-war data from 1931, 224,400 citizens lived in the republic. The population began to increase largely due to specialists arriving from other regions of the Soviet Union.
During the war years, a significant part of the republic was occupied by the Germans, many of its residents fought in the Red Army. At the end of the war, the Balkars were deported. Therefore, it was not possible to establish exactly how many people lived in Kabardino-Balkaria at that time. According to the first post-war data from 1959, 420,115 people were registered in the region. In terms of national composition, the largest share was occupied by Kabardians - 45.29% of the population of the republic, followed by Russians - 38.7% and Balkars - 8.11%. The change in proportions in the national composition is connected, firstly, with industrialization, because then many Russian specialists came to the republic, and secondly, many Balkars remained in places of deportation.
In subsequent Soviet years, the population of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria grew rapidly. Already in 1970, 588,203 people lived in it. The number of residents increased both due to natural growth and due to a large migration influx. In post-Soviet times, the indicator reached its maximum value in 2002. At that time, according to the census, the population was 901,494 people. In subsequent years, until 2015, the population of Kabardino-Balkaria generally decreased. This was due to the unfavorable economic situation in the region. People left to work in the central regions of the country. According to 2018 data, about 865,828 people live in the republic. The national composition has changed slightly; the predominant groups are still Kabardians, Russians and Balkars.
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic- - a republic within the Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the North Caucasus Federal District. Located on the northern slopes and foothills of the central part of the Greater Caucasus. In the south it borders with Georgia... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Russian Federation Federal districts: Far Eastern Volga North Western North ... Accounting Encyclopedia
KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC- a republic within the Russian Federation. Constitution of the K.B.R. adopted by the parliament of K. B. R. September 1, 1997 According to the Constitution of the K.B.R. sovereign democratic rule of law state. State languages K. B.R. are Kabardian, Balkar and Russian languages... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law
- ... Wikipedia
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic- Kabard foreign Balk Arsk Republic... Russian spelling dictionary
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic hosting the Olympic torch relay- The Kabardino Balkar Republic (KBR) was formed in 1921 as the Kabardian (since 1922 Kabardino Balkar) autonomous region, in 1936-1991 an autonomous republic, since 1992 the Kabardino Balkar Republic. Located mainly… Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Kabardino Balkaria. As part of the RSFSR. On January 16, 1922, the Kabardino Balkar Autonomous Okrug was formed; transformed into the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on December 5, 1936. Area 12.5 thousand km2. Population 614 thousand people (1972 estimate). In K.B. there are 8 districts, 7 cities, 7 villages... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Keberdey Balkar ASSR Kabarty Malkar ASSR Flag ... Wikipedia
Kabardino Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic K'eberdei Balk'er ASSR K'abarty Mal'k'ar ASSR Flag ... Wikipedia
Kabardino Balkaria, part of the RSFSR. Located in the center. part of the Greater Caucasus, occupies its northern part. slopes and adjacent steppe plains. Created 1 Sep. 1921 Kabardian Autonomous Okrug, January 16. 1922 transformed into Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Okrug. 5 Dec. 1936... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Books
- I pray in the Adyghe language..., Lyuba Balagova, The cross-cutting theme in Lyuba Balagova’s work is her dear homeland, her native Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. And the homeland is both the air that you first breathed into your chest as a baby, and... Category: Poetry Publisher: Golos-Press,
- Caucasus. Road map, Lyuba Balagova, We present to your attention a road map of the Caucasus. The map shows: Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Northern Republic... Category: